Types Of Grammar Found In the Applied Linguistics Of Language Teaching

Types Of Grammar Found In the Applied Linguistics Of Language Teaching
Types Of Grammar Found In the Applied Linguistics Of Language Teaching 

 Grammar plays a crucial role in language teaching, as it provides learners with the necessary tools to communicate effectively and accurately. In the field of applied linguistics, various approaches to teaching grammar have emerged over the years. This article explores different types of grammar commonly found in the applied linguistics of language teaching and their implications for language learners.

  1. Prescriptive Grammar: Prescriptive grammar refers to a set of rules that dictate how language should be used based on traditional norms. It often focuses on correctness, emphasizing standard forms of language. Prescriptive grammar provides learners with clear guidelines for sentence structure, word choice, and usage. It aims to establish a standard language variety, typically based on prestigious dialects or formal registers. While prescriptive grammar can be useful for formal writing and specific contexts, it may not fully reflect the complexity and variation found in real-life language use.

  2. Descriptive Grammar: Descriptive grammar, on the other hand, describes how language is actually used by native speakers. It aims to analyze and explain the grammatical structures and patterns found in a language, taking into account variations, dialects, and registers. Descriptive grammar focuses on the natural and intuitive aspects of language, providing learners with a deeper understanding of how grammar functions in different contexts. This approach acknowledges that language is a living, evolving entity and that multiple correct forms can exist.

  3. Transformational Grammar: Transformational grammar, developed by Noam Chomsky, emphasizes the underlying structure and rules that generate grammatical sentences. It focuses on the transformation of basic sentence structures through syntactic operations. Transformational grammar provides learners with a systematic way to understand and generate sentences by applying rules of transformation, such as question formation, negation, and passivization. This approach enables learners to analyze and produce a wide range of sentence structures, enhancing their overall linguistic competence.

  4. Communicative Grammar: Communicative grammar places language in the context of communication and emphasizes the functional use of grammar for meaningful interaction. It focuses on teaching grammar in relation to communicative tasks, such as expressing opinions, giving instructions, and engaging in conversations. Communicative grammar provides learners with opportunities to use grammar structures in authentic, real-life situations, promoting fluency and accuracy simultaneously. This approach highlights the importance of context, meaning, and pragmatics in language use.

  5. Corpus-Based Grammar: Corpus-based grammar relies on large collections of authentic language samples (corpora) to identify and describe patterns of language use. By analyzing these corpora, researchers and language teachers can identify common collocations, grammatical constructions, and language patterns. Corpus-based grammar provides learners with exposure to real-world language use and helps them develop a more natural and accurate command of grammar. It also enables learners to understand the frequency and distribution of specific grammar structures, allowing them to prioritize learning based on relevance and usefulness.

Conclusion: In the field of applied linguistics, different types of grammar are employed to teach language effectively. Prescriptive grammar provides learners with standard rules and norms, while descriptive grammar explores the natural variations and complexities of language. Transformational grammar focuses on the underlying structures and generative rules, while communicative grammar emphasizes the functional use of grammar in meaningful communication. Corpus-based grammar draws on authentic language samples to provide learners with exposure to real-world language use. Language teachers often integrate elements from these various types of grammar to create a comprehensive and effective learning experience, catering to the diverse needs of language learners.


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